5 Langkah Bentuk Tabiat Makan Anak

Kanak-kanak amat cenderung meniru perbuatan orang dewasa.

Kecenderungan ini adalah satu peluang baik bagi ibu bapa membentuk tabiat makan yang sihat di kalangan anak-anak.

Sebab itu, adalah penting ibu bapa juga memberi contoh yang baik kepada anak, bukan sahaja daripada segi kata-kata dan berbuatan, tetapi juga amalan dan tabiat makan.

Jika mahu anak-anak dibentuk dengan tabiat makan yang sihat, maka anda perlu menjadi role model. Jangan pula menyuruh anak makan sayur-sayuran dan ikan, tetapi anda mengunyah kentang goreng serta menyedut minuman berkarbonat yang bergula. Perbuatan sebegitu tidak akan berjaya membentuk tabiat anak-anak.

Ada beberapa langkah yang boleh diikuti untuk membentuk tabiat makan yang sihat di kalangan ahli keluarga yang masih kecil. Antaranya:

1. Makan bersama. Waktu sarapan pagi dan makan malam adalah peluang yang baik. Tempoh singkat ini boleh mengeratkan hubungan keluarga di samping menikmati makanan enak dan sihat. Cuma pastikan makanan yang disediakan adalah yang sihat.

2. Lebih kerap masak sendiri di rumah. Makanan yang disediakan sendiri lebih bersih dan sihat untuk seluruh ahli keluarga. Amalan ini juga adalah satu contoh yang baik untuk anak-anak. Makanan yang disediakan di restoran lazimnya mengandungi lebih banyak lemak, gula dan garam. Sungguhpun begitu, tidak salah sekali-sekala makan di luar, terutama jika meraikan hari-hari istimewa.

3. Libat anak-anak semasa membeli-belah dan penyediaan makanan. Dengan cara itu, anda boleh mendidik mereka mengenai nilai nutrisi dan bagaimana membaca label di bungkusan makanan.

4. Sediakan pelbagai makanan berkhasiat. Sama ada di dalam peti sejuk atau di dapur, simpan buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, snek-snek yang baik untuk kesihatan, minuman sihat (air mineral, susu, teh herba, jus buah-buahan dan lain-lain), atau makanan-makanan lain yang sihat untuk anak-anak. Ini untuk memudahkan mereka mencapai makanan yang baik apabila terasa lapar.

5. Beri kebebasan kepada anak-anak untuk memilih. Jika anak-anak tidak dapat menghabiskan makanan mereka, janganlah dipaksa. Lebih buruk jika anda gunakan makanan sebagai ganjaran atau 'rasuah'. Jika mereka tidak gemar makan yang sihat, anda perlu lebih kreatif dalam menyediakannya agar anak-anak tertarik mencubanya.

Panduan Makan Di Luar

Jika ke restoran-restoran makanan segera pula, segalanya mesti mengikut menu standard yang tersedia.

Sungguhpun begitu, ramai yang memilih untuk makan di luar; mungkin kerana tiada masa untuk menyediakan makanan sendiri, mahu mencuba menu baru, atau bersantai bersama kawan-kawan sambil menjamu selera.

Apa jua alasan anda, perkara utama yang perlu difikirkan ialah, makanan mesti baik untuk kesihatan. Jika mahu mengamalkan pemakanan sihat tanpa perlu mememasaknya sendiri, anda perlu bijak!

Apabila makan di luar, PILIH:

1. Tempat; sama ada restoran atau warung yang bersih.

2. Makanan yang sihat; kurang berminyak atau lemak, kurang manis atau masin dan rendah kalori. Contohnya, pilih capati, bukan roti canai, atau nasi putih dengan seketul kari ayam berbanding nasi briyani dengan dua ketul kambing.

3. Jenis makanan yang dipanggang, bakar, rebus, kukus, stir-fry dan elakkan makanan yang digoreng dengan minyak yang banyak, bersantan atau berkrim. Contoh, pilih mee sup berbanding mee kari atau popia basah berbanding popia goreng.

4. Pesan makanan yang sederhana. Jangan memesan terlalu banyak makanan; bukan sahaja untuk mengelak daripada pembaziran jika tidak dapat dihabiskan, tetapi juga untuk elak makan terlalu banyak sedangkan anda sudah pun kenyang.

5. Pesan desert hanya selepas habis makan. Mana tahu, anda sudah pun kenyang dan sebenarnya tidak perlu makan desert lagi. Jika mahu, pesan buah-buahan sahaja.

6. Air kosong berbanding sirap, air berkarbonat atau yang mengandungi banyak gula

The lowdown on feeding newborns cow’s milk.

MANY Malaysian mothers do not breastfeed their newborn babies. The babies are given bottled milk at birth or within a few months after birth. The bottled milk is usually derived from cow’s milk which comprises protein, fat, sugar, vitamins and minerals mixed with water. Some babies are allergic to the proteins in cow’s milk. This occurs despite the efforts of the milk manufacturers to produce bottled milk that is as close to mother’s breast milk as possible.

It is generally accepted that about 1% to 5% of infants are allergic to the proteins in cow’s milk and its various formulations.

Nasty reaction: Up to 5% of infants are allergic to the proteins in cow’s milk and its various formulations. To avoid the allergy it is advisable to breastfeed the baby for six months or more.

Most infants will, fortunately, outgrow the milk allergies by the time they are two or three years old.

Milk allergy has to be distinguished from lactose intolerance. The former involves the body’s immune system but the latter does not. Milk allergic reactions occur with the smallest amount of milk consumed.

Lactose intolerance is usually dose related – small amounts are tolerated by the body but larger amounts lead to a reaction which may mimic milk allergy.

Lactose intolerance is of slower onset than milk allergy and is not life-threatening. It is a harmless condition.

Milk intolerance is due to lactose intolerance which is the inability of the gastrointestinal system to absorb lactose, the primary sugar in milk and milk products such as milk powder, butter, margarine, cheese, yoghurt and chocolate. The lactose composition of milk products can be found by reading the labels of the products.

Lactose comprises two sugars bound together. Its absorption can occur when it is split up into two smaller sugars by an enzyme called lactase which is produced by the cells lining the small intestine. If the amount of lactase is low or absent, the body cannot or would have difficulty in splitting the lactose into two smaller sugars. The lactose then passes into the large intestine where the bacteria there cause it to ferment, producing a large amount of gas.

The amount of lactase in the intestine is high in babies. As the baby grows, the amount of milk consumed decreases leading to a reduction in the amount of lactase in the intestine.

Many Asians are at risk of developing lactose intolerance unlike adults in Europe and North America. Many people develop lactose intolerance when they have diarrhoeal diseases, during which the lining of the small intestine is slightly damaged by the frequent bowel movements. This results in a reduced production of lactose by the cells lining the small intestine.

Other causes of lactose intolerance are diseases of the stomach or intestines and its surgical treatment.

There are, however, some people who have low lactase levels but who are not lactose intolerant. The reason for this is unknown. The symptoms of lactose intolerance are abdominal distension and/or colic, stomach rumbling, increased passage of wind, nausea and diarrhoea.

There is marked variation in the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Some people do not have problems but others have symptoms with a small amount of lactose. Some do not have problems with certain foods which contain lactose but cannot tolerate other lactose-containing foods.

Self diagnosis of lactose intolerance is not difficult. This is done by refraining from consumption of lactose containing foods for a few days and then drinking two to three glasses of milk. If there is a tummy ache or diarrhoea within 30 minutes or so, it is likely that there is lactose intolerance.

The diagnosis of lactose intolerance can be confirmed by tests done by the doctor. One test involves measuring the blood sugar before and after drinking a lactose containing fluid. If the blood sugar is increased, there is no lactose intolerance. Another test involves analysing the breath for hydrogen gas after drinking a lactose-containing fluid. Hydrogen gas will be present if there is lactose intolerance as the lactose-containing fluid will be fermented by the bacteria in the large intestine. If one has an endoscopic examination, which involves passing a tube-like instrument into the stomach and intestine, the lining of the small intestine may be analysed.

Treatment

The treatment of lactose intolerance depends on the severity of the symptoms. If the symptoms are mild, all that is necessary is to reduce the consumption of milk and milk products. If the symptoms are severe, a lactose-free diet would be necessary. The doctor will, in such situations, refer the patient to a dietician who will advise on the composition of a lactose-free diet.

Lactose intolerance can be prevented by abstaining or reducing the consumption of milk and milk products when one has diarrhoea or has just recovered from it.

There are two ways in which cow’s milk allergy present: gradually or suddenly. It usually presents gradually before the baby is six months old. The clinical features commonly occur with the passage of loose stools, blood in the stools, vomiting, colic, irritability and poor growth.

It can also present suddenly and rapidly with vomiting, wheezing, swelling of the skin and eyes, and rarely, anaphylactic shock, which is a sudden and severe allergic reaction involving the whole body and which is life threatening. This usually occurs soon after contact with the cow’s milk allergen. Both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are affected with marked changes in the blood pressure and breathing difficulties. Most babies will outgrow their allergy to cow’s milk by the time they are two to four years of age.

Cow’s milk allergy may also be associated with other allergies like eczema and asthma. If the cow’s milk allergy is not addressed adequately, it may lead to effects on growth with failure to thrive and nutritional deficiencies. The management of cow’s milk allergy is premised on avoiding cow’s milk. This would include a breastfeeding mother avoiding dairy products in her diet, lest it be transmitted to the baby in the breast milk.

The formula for bottle-fed babies has to be changed to one that is soy or hydrolysate-based. The latter contain cow’s milk proteins which are less allergenic because they have been broken down. If the allergy is severe, an amino acid based formula is used. Most manufacturers market “hypoallergenic” formula products.

It is important to remember that there is cross allergy between cow’s milk and soy milk in up to 50% of the late onset type of cow’s milk allergy and 15% of the rapid onset type. If the allergy is severe, treatment with medicines like anti-histamines and adrenaline will be necessary. Vitamin supplementation may also be necessary.

If there is a family history of allergies (eczema and asthma), it is advisable to totally breastfeed the baby for six months or more. This will delay the onset of symptoms if the baby has cow’s milk allergy. There are other benefits of breastfeeding which include improved immunity for the child and bonding.

If one wants to provide cow’s milk in a child’s diet, this may be done when the child is 12 to 18 months old. However, it is advisable to do this under medical supervision. It is important to check all food labels and avoid any food that contains milk or milk products. Advice from a doctor or dietician would be useful if one is unsure.

Cendawan Kaya Nutrien

Cendawan sering dikategorikan sebagai sayur-sayuran, bagaimanapun, fungi yang boleh dimakan ini turut mempunyai ciri-ciri yang boleh ditemui dalam daging, kekacang atau bijirin.

Sebenarnya, terdapat pelbagai jenis cendawan yang boleh dimakan seperti cendawan butang, portobello, maitake, shiitake dan sebagainya. Dalam masyarakat Melayu, yang popular sejak dulu ialah cendawan kukur yang enak dimasak lemak, dan sekarang, cendawan tiram banyak dipasarkan sama ada di pasar-pasar tani mahupun pasaraya.

Cendawan berkalori rendah, bebas lemak, bebas kolesteral dan amat rendah kandungan sodiumnya. Sungguhpun begitu, cendawan mengandungi beberapa nutrien yang lazimnya ditemui dalam bijirin dan daging binatang. Contohnya riboflavin, niacin dan selenium.
Masyarakat timur, seperti orang China dan Jepun telah mengetahui khasiat serta manfaat cendawan kepada kesihatan. Mereka juga menjalankan kajian mengenainya, terutamanya terhadap cendawan shiitake dan maitake.

Kini telah banyak kajian dijalankan mengenai khasiat cendawan. Antara yang ditemui ialah:

1. Cendawan boleh menjadi sumber vitamin D yang penting untuk tulang dan gigi sihat.

2. Ia juga sumber vitamin B riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3) dan asid pantothenic (B5). Vitamin-vitamin ini membantu meleraikan protein, lemak dan karbohidrat agar boleh digunakan sebagai tenaga. Jadi mereka yang tidak makan daging, elok mengambil lebih banyak cendawan untuk mendapatkan zat ini.

3. Cendawan juga mengandungi selenium, sejenis mineral yang penting untuk sistem imun dan kesuburan lelaki. Selenium juga bertindak sebagai sejenis antioksidan untuk melindungi sel-sel tubuh daripada musnah dan seterusnya menyebabkan penyakit jantung, sesetengah jenis barah serta lain-lain penyakit berkaitan penuaan.

4. Antioksidan lain terkandung di dalam cendawan ialah ergothioneine, yang boleh membantu melindungi sel-sel tubuh.

5. Potassium adalah sejenis lagi mineral yang terdapat di dalam cendawan, Ia membantu mengekalkan keseimbangan cecair dan mineral, serta menolong mengawal tekanan darah. Potassium juga berperanan memastikan saraf dan otot, termasuk jantung berfungsi dengan betul.

6. Lain-lain kebaikan cendawan ialah, mengandungi asid pantothenik yang membantu menghasilkan hormon serta memainkan peranan penting dalam sistem saraf; riboflavin yang menolong mengekalkan sel darah merah yang sihat, dan niacin baik untuk kulit dan melancarkan fungsi sistem digestif dan saraf.

Makanan Dalam Peti Sejuk Selamatkah Dimakan?

Peti sejuk memang menjadi tempat menyimpan makanan agar tahan lebih lama. Bakteria yang menyebabkan makanan basi atau cepat rosak, lazimnya tidak boleh membiak di dalam peti sejuk. Tetapi fakta ini benar sekiranya anda menjaga atau 'mengurus' peti sejuk dengan betul.

Untuk memastikan makanan yang disimpan di dalam peti sejuk masih selamat dimakan, baca dan amalkan tip ini:

1. Pastikan suhu peti sejuk sentiasa berada pada suhu yang betul; antara 0 - 4 darjah celsius.

2. Bahagian sejuk beku perlu bersuhu -18 darjah celsius (0 darjah F) atau lebih rendah.

3. Pintu peti sejuk hendaklah sentiasa ditutup dan hanya dibuka apabila perlu sahaja.

4. Jangan simpan barang sehingga peti sejuk penuh, kerana udara perlu beredar untuk kekal sejuk.

5. Jika ingin menyimpan yang sudah dimasak, pastikan ia telah sejuk sepenuhnya sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam peti sejuk.

6. Elak guna bahan pencuci berkimia untuk membersihkan bahagian dalam peti sejuk. Sebaliknya guna air suam yang dicampur dengan perahan jus lemon atau cuka putih.

7. Bersihkan peti ais seminggu sekali; periksa barang-barang yang disimpan, jika ada yang melebihi tarikh luput, buang saja.

8. Agar peti ais tidak berbau, simpan sekotak soda penaik (dibuka penutupnya) di dalam peti sejuk.

:( Journey to My Grandmother House:)

Today, 25 April 2010, me and my family with my sister and father go back to my father home at Bukit Pinang, Kepala Batas Kedah. This is because my grandmother have a problem with her eyes. She cannot see ( blur ) but can hear what the other people says. Her age around 90+ and my father age 78.

This is picture of my father and her mother.



This is picture of my family with grandmother.




We go there around 9.30 am and stop for a while at Gurun Station ( PLUS ) Highway. After take the breakfast, we direct go to Bukit Pinang and arrived there around 11.30 am. Around 3.30 pm we go back home to Sg Dua.
On the journey back home, we have a experience that cannot forget because the a heavy rain all the way on highway. I cannot see the road so clear because of that. I drive slowly because my two sons begs me to. They scare! I ask them why and they say 'We scare of death.
After 1 hours of drive, finally we arrive at Sungai Dua and my two sons thanks me for drive slowly.

*The SUN*

This image made from an April 12-13, 2010 video provided Wednesday, April 21, 2010 by NASA shows an eruptive prominence blasting away from the sun. The prominence appears to stretch almost halfway across the sun, about 500,000 miles. NASA on Wednesday unveiled the first images from a new satellite designed to predict disruptive solar storms, and scientists say they're already learning new things.

This image provided Wednesday, April 21, 2010 by NASA shows an eruptive prominence blasting away from the sun March 30, 2010 observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite. NASA on Wednesday unveiled the first images from the new satellite designed to predict disruptive solar storms, and scientists say they're already learning new things.

Amorous slug, orange snake among finds on BorneoAmorous slug, orange snake among finds on Borneo

A lungless frog, a frog that flies and a slug that shoots love darts are among 123 new species found in Borneo since 2007 in a project to conserve one of the oldest rain forests in the world.

A report by the global conservation group WWF on the discoveries also calls for protecting the threatened species and equatorial rain forest on Borneo, the South China Sea island that is the world's third-largest and is shared by Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.

"The challenge is to ensure that these precious landscapes are still intact for future generations," said the report released Thursday.

The search for the new species was part of the Heart of Borneo project that started in February 2007 and is backed by the WWF and the three countries that share the island.

The aim is to conserve 85,000 square miles (220,000 square kilometers) of rain forest that was described by Charles Darwin as "one great luxuriant hothouse made by nature for herself."

Explorers have been visiting Borneo for centuries, but vast tracts of its interior are yet to be biologically explored, said Adam Tomasek, leader of WWF's Heart of Borneo project.

"If this stretch of irreplaceable rain forest can be conserved for our children, the promise of more discoveries must be a tantalizing one for the next generation of researchers to contemplate," he said.

The scientists' discoveries include the world's longest known stick insect at 56.7 centimeters, a flame-colored snake and a frog that flies and changes its skin and eye color. In total, 67 plants, 29 invertebrates, 17 fish, five frogs, three snakes and two lizards and a brand new species of bird were discovered, said the report.

Borneo has long been known as a hub for monster insects, including giant cockroaches about 4 inches (10 centimeters) long.

Notable among the species discovered are:

_ a snake that has a bright orange, almost flame-like, neck coloration that gradually fuses into an extraordinary iridescent and vivid blue, green and brown pattern. When threatened it flares its nape, revealing bright orange colors.

_ A frog that breathes through its skin because it has no lungs, which makes it appear flat. This aerodynamic shape allows the frogs to move swiftly in fast flowing streams. Although the species was discovered in 1978, it was only now that scientists found the frog has no lungs.

_ A high-altitude slug found on Mount Kinabalu that has a tail three times the length of its head. They shoot calcium carbonate "love darts" during courtship to inject a hormone into a mate. While resting, the slug wraps its long tail around its body.

The Heart of Borneo, the core island area the conservation effort targets, is home to ten species of primate, more than 350 birds, 150 reptiles and amphibians and a staggering 10,000 plants that are found nowhere else in the world, the report says.

Tip Sihat: Jangan Makan Jika Bosan

Sungguhpun begitu, snek sebeginilah yang selalu menjadi pilihan kerana mudah didapati, dan sering pula disimpan untuk menghadapi saat-saat lapar.

Cuba fikir, mengapa anda ambil snek, atau makan makanan ringan di luar waktu makan? Adakah disebabkan benar-benar lapar, atau kerana bosan dan tidak mempunyai aktiviti lain?

Alasan yang sering didengar ialah: “Tak ada masa nak masaklah,” “Tadi tak sempat nak keluar makan tengahari,” atau, “Bosan, tak ada benda nak buat, jadi makanlah!”

Ok, kita terima alasan-alasan itu. Anda boleh ambil snek, tetapi perlulah bijak memilih makanan yang berkhasiat, tidak menyumbang kepada masalah obesiti, dan seterusnya memudaratkan kesihatan.



Ada beberapa langkah yang anda boleh ambil untuk mengelak daripada makan snek yang tidak sihat:

1. Makan (makanan sihat) berulang kali, tetapi sikit-sikit. Dengan cara ini, anda tidak perlulah mengalas perut dengan gula-gula, coklat, atau makanan-makanan ringan lain.

2. Elakkan sebarang godaan. Jangan simpan snek dalam beg, peti sejuk, almari atau laci di rumah mahupun di tempat kerja. Jika ke pasaraya, elak bahagian snek atau makanan ringan. Sekiranya anda singgah ke sana, bimbang anda ‘tergoda’ untuk membelinya.



3. Apabila membeli-belah, tukar cara berfikir; ingat yang sihat dan baik untuk kesihatan saja. Contohnya, salad, sayur-sayuran, yogurt, produk bijirin penuh dan elakkan makanan yang diproses.

4. Minum banyak air kosong atau minuman semula jadi seperti jus buah-buahan segar, teh hijau, susu rendah lemak atau minuman yogurt.

5. Jika kebosanan membuat anda makan snek, atasinya dengan melakukan aktiviti lain yang lebih sihat; bersenam, mengemas rumah, menghabiskan kerja-kerja tertangguh dan sebagainya. Itu adalah lebih baik daripada makan makanan ringan yang boleh mendatangkan masalah kesihatan di kemudian hari.

-Volcano Eruption-

OUT OF DANGER... The Eyjafjallajokull volcano continuing to billow smoke and ash during an eruption on Saturday. Millions of people faced worsening travel chaos yesterday as the volcanic ash cloud from Iceland moved further south and east, forcing European countries to extend flight bans to this week.

This aerial image shows the crater at the summit of the volcano in southern Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull glacier Saturday April 17, 2010. A lingering volcanic ash plume forced extended no-fly restrictions over much of Europe Saturday, as Icelandic scientists warned that volcanic activity had increased and showed no sign of abating _ a portent of more travel chaos to come. Although the ash plume has grown, a northerly wind was expected to allow enough visibility for scientists to fly over the volcano Saturday.

People walk near a section of Iceland's coastal ring road damaged by floodwaters caused by volcanic activity on the Markarfljot river Friday April 16 2010, some 120km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland. The Eyjafjallajokull glacier volcano began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles (kilometers) into the air. Winds pushed the plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe causing travel chaos.

A landscape flattened by floodwaters caused by volcanic activity on the Markarfljot river bank Friday April 16 2010, some 120km east of the capital Reykjavik, Iceland. The Eyjafjallajokull glacier volcano began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles (kilometers) into the air. Winds pushed the plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe causing travel chaos.

Men wrap a house vent in plastic film Friday April 16 2010 near Myrdalssandur, some 220km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland to prevent the entry of airborne volcanic ash. The Eyjafjallajokull glacier volcano began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles (kilometers) into the air. Winds pushed the ash plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe.

Ice chunks carried downstream by floodwaters caused by volcanic activity lie on the Markarfljot river bank Friday April 16 2010, some 120km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland. The Eyjafjallajokull glacier volcano began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles (kilometers) into the air. Winds pushed the plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe causing travel chaos.

This image provided by NOAA shows the volcanic plume, from Wednesday's eruption of a volcano beneath Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull glacier. Using sulfur dioxide concentration data from the NASA Aura/OMI satellite sensor, it shows smoke, ash, and other components that can cause aircraft jet engines to fail. The OMI sensor can distinguish the differences between cloud, smoke, dust, ozone and other aerosols, and is important in Earth observations for aviation safety.